New Legal Opinion Confirms that States and the International Seabed Authority Must Act Against Unilateral Deep-Sea Mining Undertaken Outside the ISA Framework

A new independent legal opinion concludes that States and the International Seabed Authority (ISA) have clear legal obligations under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to prevent, refuse to recognize and take measures against unilateral deep-sea mining outside the UNCLOS/ISA framework.

Read the summary in English.

Read the full Legal Opinion on the Obligations of States Parties to UNCLOS in Response to Unliteral Activities in the Area in English. 

This Legal Opinion was developed by Alison MacDonald KC, Toby Fisher, Manuel Casas, a team of public international lawyers practicing from London, and commissioned by the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition and Pew Charitable Trusts.