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The International Seabed Authority is the international body tasked with making decisions about any mining activities in the “Area”1 – the seabed of the world’s ocean that lies beyond national jurisdiction. Yet the International Seabed Authority’s institutional structure and decision-making processes remain inappropriate for a modern multilateral institution. A thorough review leading to key institutional reforms is necessary to ensure that Member States and all of humankind can have full confidence in International Seabed Authority decisions.

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